Osman II

Osman II (Ottoman Turkish: عثمان ثانى‎ ‘Osmān-i sānī; November 3, 1604 – May 20, 1622), commonly known in Turkey as Genç Osman ("Osman the Young" in English), was the Sultan of the Ottoman Empire from 1618 until his death by regicide on 20 May 1622.
Biography
Osman II was born at Topkapı Palace, Constantinople, the son of SultanAhmed I (1603–17) and his first wife Mahfiruz Hatice Sultan, according to some sources either a Greek[1][obsolete source] or Evdoksiya, aSerbian.[2][unreliable source] According to later traditions, at a young age, his mother had paid a great deal of attention to Osman's education, as a result of which Osman II became a known poet and would have mastered many languages, including Arabic, Persian, Greek, Latin, and Italian; this has been refuted since.[3]
Osman's failure to capture the throne at the death of his father Ahmed may have been caused by the absence of a mother to lobby in his favor, his mother being possibly in exile in Edirne or already dead.

He ascended the throne at the early age of 14 as the result of a coup d'état against his uncle Mustafa I "the Intestable" (1617–18, 1622–23). Despite his youth, Osman II soon sought to assert himself as a ruler, and after securing the empire's eastern border by signing a peace treaty (Treaty of Serav) with Safavid Persia, he personally led the Ottoman invasion of Poland during the Moldavian Magnate Wars. Forced to sign a peace treaty with the Poles after the Battle of Chotin (Chocim) (which was, in fact, a siege of Chotin defended by the Lithuanian-Polish hetman Jan Karol Chodkiewicz) in September–October, 1621, Osman II returned home to Constantinople in shame, blaming the cowardice of the Janissaries and the insufficiency of his statesmen for his humiliation.[citation needed]
The basic and exceptional weakness from which Osman II suffered was the conspious absence of a female power basis in the harem. From 1620 until Osman's death, a governess (daye hatun, lit. wet-nurse) was appointed as a stand-in valide, and she could not counterbalance the contriving of Mustafa I's mother in the Old Palace. Although he did have a loyal chief black eunuch at his side, this could not compensate for the absence of what in the politics of that period was a winning combination,valide sultan–chief black eununch, especially in the case of a young and very ambitious ruler.[4] According to Piterberg, Osman II did not have haseki sultan, opposite with Peirce who claim that Ayşe was Osman's haseki. But it is clear that Ayşe could not took valide's role during her spouse's reign.[citation needed]
His death
Katip Çelebi witnessed the murder of Osman II in person, and presented the most complete account[citation needed] of this event in his famous bookFezleke in the chapter titled "Sultan Osman II at the Central Mosque (Orta Camii)", written in Ottoman Turkish.[5]
Seeking a counterweight to Janissary influence, Osman II closed their coffee shops (the gathering points for conspiracies against the throne) and started planning to create a new and more loyal army consisting ofAnatolian sekbans. The result was a palace uprising by the Janissaries, who promptly imprisoned the young sultan. When an executioner was sent to strangle him at Yedikule Fortress in Constantinople (Istanbul), Osman II refused to give in and began fighting the man and was only subdued when he was hit on his back with the rear end of an axe by one of his imprisoners. After that he was strangled.
Consorts
• Ayşe Sultan, his haseki, of unknown background.
• Akile Hatun, daughter of Şeyhülislam Esad Efendi.
• Meylişah Hatun, originally a Serb named Marica.
Children
• Şehzade Ömer (20 October 1621 – January 1622), son of Meylişah Hatun.
• Zeynep Sultan (posthumously November 1622 – 1703), twin with Şehzade Mustafa; by Akile Hatun.
• Şehzade Mustafa (posthumously November 1622 – 1654), twin with Zeynep Sultan; by Akile Hatun.

Konular

• Fuzuli (1494 - 1555)
• Nasreddin Hodja (1208 - ?)
• Ottoman Turkish language
• Languages of the Ottoman Empire
• The story of the Turkish Language from the Ottoman Empire until today
• Ottoman Empire
• Ottoman Empire/origins
• Pargalı Ibrahim Pasha
• Ibrahim Pasha
• Hürrem Sultan: A beloved wife or master manipulator?
• Suleiman the Magnificent
• What if Pargali Ibrahim and Sehzade Mustafa were not executed(Ottoman Empire)
• Suleyman Shah
• Suleyman I.
• Suleyman The Magnificent
• Suleiman the Magnificent
• Şehzade Mustafa
• About Şehzade Mustafa Muhlisi, Şehzade
• Ahmed III
• Ahmed 1.
• Murad III
• Murad IV
• Murat IV.
• Murat III.
• Women Who Ruled: Mahpeyker Kosem Sultan of Ottoman Turkey
• The woman who oversaw 3 generations of the Ottoman Empire
• Kösem Sultan Bio
• Ottomans - 1600s
• The Strength of Kosem Sultan - The Last Influential Female Ruler of the Ottoman Empire
• Diriliş: Ertuğrul